What distinguishes active range of motion (ROM) from passive ROM?

Active range of motion (ROM) is defined as the movement of a joint that is initiated and controlled by the individual themselves. This involves the patient using their muscles to move their limbs and joints. This type of movement is important for maintaining muscle strength, flexibility, and joint function, and it can help improve circulation.

On the other hand, passive range of motion occurs when a caregiver or therapist assists or performs the movement for the patient. In this case, the patient is relaxed and does not exert any effort to move their joints; the caregiver's role is to gently move the patient's limbs through the available range of motion. This is often used in situations where a patient may be unable to move independently due to pain, weakness, or other medical conditions.

The distinction is essential in rehabilitation and patient care, as it guides healthcare professionals in developing treatment plans tailored to a patient’s abilities and needs. Understanding this difference helps ensure that patients receive the appropriate type of assistance and exercise necessary for their recovery or maintenance of mobility.